Aperture/F Stop- Lens opening. The opening formed by the metal leaf diaphragm inside the lens or the
opening in a camera lens through which light passes to expose the film. The size
of aperture is either fixed or adjustable. Aperture size is usually calibrated
in f- numbers-the larger the number, the smaller the lens opening.
Aperture Priority- An exposure mode on
an automatic or autofocus camera that lets you set the aperture while the camera
sets the shutter speed for proper exposure. If you change the aperture, or the
light level changes, the shutter speed changes automatically.
Ambient Light- The available natural
light completely surrounding a subject. Light already existing in an indoor or
outdoor setting that is not caused by any light supplied by the
photographer.
Artificial Light- Light from a man-made source, usually restricted to studio photo lamp and
domestic lighting. When used to describe film (also known as Type A or Type B)
invariably means these types of lighting.
ASA/ISO/Film Speed-
Indicated by a
number such as ISO 100 or ISO 400 etc. The sensitivity of a given film to
light,. The higher the number, the more sensitive or faster (and more grainer)
the film. Note: ISO stands for International Standards Organization.
Bracket- Often called
handle mount flash. It comprised of one arm of the L-shaped bracket extends
under the camera body and uses the camera's tripod socket to mount the camera on
the bracket. The vertical arm of the bracket serves as a handle and mounts a
flash unit in an accessory shoe often on top of the handle portion, but there
are other methods. Flash mounted in a bracket usually requires a separate
electrical cord to make the electrical connection between camera body and flash
unit.
Depth Of Field- The zone of
acceptable sharpness in front of and behind the subject on which the lens is
focused; extends approx. one-third in front of and two thirds behind the
in-focus subject; dependent on three factors: aperture, focal length, and
focused distance; the wider the aperture, the longer the focal length, and the
closer the focused distance, the less the depth of field, and vice versa; in
comparison to a normal lens, wideangle lenses have inherently more depth of
field at each f-number and telephoto lenses have less.
Exposure Triangle- The quantity of light
allowed to act on a photographic material; a product of the intensity
(controlled by the lens opening) and the duration (controlled by the shutter
speed or enlarging time) of light striking the film or paper.
How To Control Depth Of Field-
Light Meter- An instrument with a
light-sensitive cell that measures the light reflected from or falling on a
subject, used as an aid for selecting the exposure setting.
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